Photovoltaic (PV) engineering science has undergone substantial advancements all over the yore few decades, moving from introductory solar cells to sophisticated systems that tackle solar vitality to a greater extent with efficiency and cost-efficaciously. This article explores the modish developments in photovoltaic technology, highlight innovations in materials, efficiency improvements, and consolidation with other technologies. Introduction Photovoltaics change sun flat into electrical energy through and through the photovoltaic upshot. The engineering has evolved from the number one atomic number 14 solar cells developed in the 1950s, which had an efficiency of just about 6%, to modern systems that toilet surmount 25% efficiency nether laboratory conditions. The spherical crowd for renewable muscularity…